Electronic Smart Device for Active Learning Essay

The evolution of handheld portable devices and wireless technology has resulted in radical changes in the social and economic lifestyles of modern people. (El-Hussein & Cronje, 2010, p. 12) For international students, electronic smart devices is a kind of appropriate learning resource to assist them in overcoming learning difficulties and improving learning efficiency and initiatives. Thus, Nell Mobile Device Company has authorized Rusty Marketing Company to investigate the feasibility and necessity of â€Å"developing a new electronic smart device product to improve the ability of active learning among international students†. As an international college, QUTIC has a certain number of international students from different parts of the world. Therefore 20 QUTIC students will be referenced as convenience sampling. Everyone of them will be asked to finish a paper-based questionnaire with 1 open search and 9 closed search questions, at P block, Kelvin Grove Campus in 8 April 2013. All responses will be voluntary and anonymous. The primary data will be analyzed and then showed in a graphic form. Scholarly journals and dissertations will be referenced as a kind of mainly secondary data. The report will recommend if or what an ideal mobile device might need to be developed.

Habits of Mind: Learning framework Essay

1.0 Introduction Whilst learning your brain absorbs information like a big pink sponge; It is said that if you are in the right frame of mind, learning becomes simple and you gain information with ease. If your stressed, tired or just not up for it, your brain almost repels information making it very difficult to learn anything at all. Everyone who studies have different approaches to their own style of learning, some being better than others. Habits of mind is a learning framework that has been praised as being the next step in learning, its unique technique allows students to learn at their own pace as well as enjoying the stress free atmosphere that occurs when studying. Although not considered as an official learning technique, habits of mind will soon underpin most academic styles of learning. 2.0 Literature Review Habits of mind is a concept that has been around since the time of Aristotle,  Socrates and many other ancient philosophers. Although not called Habits of mind at the time, these men established that learning can be broken down to fundamental processes of thought. A simple process would be the way we interpret the world around us; the sun burns us, so we don’t stay outside for too long, sharp edges slice our skin, so we avoid touching them. It’s the smallest pieces of stimulus that drive our existence, and it is our habits of mind that control our actions in response to these stimuli. However it is not our actions that habits of mind could have the greatest impact on, it is our capacity to learn. The following is a review of the article, â€Å"Theorising habits of mind as a framework for learning† (John Campbell). It includes detailed comparisons and variations of past and present information regarding habits of mind, to a number of different learning framework s and concludes habits of mind as being an appropriate technique suitable for all types of learning development. Brain researchers have found direct links between habits of mind and the brain itself, discovering similarities in the processes of the brain and the techniques used in habits of mind. One of these is the storage and recollection of data within our brain. Our brain will store new data every time we experience something, the more we experience something, the faster we can retrieve information on what we are experiencing. Habits of mind has basically the same process, as we gather data through all our senses we use this data to formulate opinions, theories, conclusions Etc. With our brain in direct link to habits of mind, it seems almost foolish that we view habits of mind as being anything but a positive framework for learning development. In the past, the development of theories, processes, hypothesis’ that have eventually lead to what we call habits of mind, have all in their own specific way, underpinned habits of mind and continue to support it as more and more people recog nise the techniques associated with it. With its popularity steadily increasing, the number of teachers that incorporate it into their daily teachings is growing exponentially. However due to the fact that it is not yet recognised as a successful framework for learning by the academic community, this is being seen as a step back from traditional learning techniques. If habits of mind does become the new learning framework for the future generation, then how will these people benefit from its unique approach to learning? Students that use the habits  of mind learning framework have benefited from a many number of different things, and due to the nature of the learning, the knowledge learned through habits of mind seems to â€Å"stick† more than traditional learning techniques. Being a student can be very stressful, especially if you’re younger dealing with the constant distraction of a social life that has been put aside for the benefit of your education. Well, habits of mind eliminates this distraction by implementing it into your study life in small amounts. You won’t be studying in dream world, or wet ‘n’ wild, but maybe at the beach or at the park. Small changes to your environment can make dramatic impacts to your stress levels while you study, some people could even learn to enjoy studying. The article in question dove into habits of mind and presented all the facts and figures necessary to consider habits of mind as a successful learning framework for the future generation of learning. It went into specific detail and outlined its good and bad points allowing the reader to make their own opinion on the subject, which is good because everyone is different and everyone has their own opinions of studying. 3.0 Method In order to collect some useful primary information in regards to learning styles I have devised a questionnaire that outlines a person’s learning style as well as identifies whether or not they would benefit from the habits of mind framework. The following questionnaire is set for a younger audience (university Students) and is designed to identify a students learning style, attitude towards learning and from there we can determine if habits of mind can benefit them personally. Q1) when are faced with a problem, you: a) Use a hands on approach to solve the problem b) Think about the problem and devise a solution c) Ask others for help, then solve the problem together Q2) someone asks you a question you don’t know the answer to, after quickly hesitating you: a) Answer their question to the best of your knowledge b) Change the subject c) Lie Q3) what helps you study more? a) Music b) Repetitive writing c) reading Q4) the hardest thing a about studying is: A) The workload B) It bores you C) How long it takes Q5) the perfect day for YOU includes: a) A sunny day at the beach b) A relaxing day in the shade c) A rainy, cosy day indoors Q6) do you enjoy learning? a) Yes b) No c) Depends on what I am learning Q7) a fight is occurring between your friend and a stranger, you: a) Approach them both calmly and try to resolve the situation b) Kick the other guy in the face, chuck Norris style. c) Stand and watch, without intervening. Q8) you frequently take breaks when studying because: a) Learning is boring, so you eventually get tired and need breaks b) To keep your mind active c) Because you straight-up couldn’t be arsed Q9) do you have your own study area? a) Yes b) No c) Study area? Q10) Read through the previous questions, what do you think this questionnaire was really about? A) How to think B) How to study C) How you study D) How you think Each of the previous questions was selected in order to fully understand how each person who took the questionnaire thinks. The following is a breakdown of each question, and what they were really asking you. Question one was a very basic learning styles question, it simply identifies if you are a cognitive, visual or auditory learner. Question two identifies how you react to problems under pressure and identifies your minds response time, in regards to withdrawing appropriate information. Question three is another basic learning styles question, again it identifies if you are a cognitive, visual or auditory learner. Question four is a probing question; it recognises what you hate most about studying. Question five is another probing question and relates directly to question four. After being â€Å"setup† by question four asking you the hardest part about studying, it presents the option of combining your perfect day with studying, in order to make things easier. Question six gets the person to realise whether or not they actually like studying, it also begs the question, why not? Question seven is another probing question, it focuses on the strain of stressful situations and how one reacts accordingly, whether it be kicking your problem in the face, or breaking the problem into smaller more manageable pieces. Question eight identifies your approach to learning, are you persistent? Or are you slack? Question nine quickly assesses the person’s current learning environment. Question ten is a probing question, it shows if the student was taking the test seriously and makes them think long and hard about the questions themselves, helps them to justify their answers as well as make corrections after grasping a deeper understanding of the questions. 4.0 Analysis and Discussion Habits of mind is a concrete system of learning that incorporates learning into everyday life, it helps us to face each day with the necessary knowledge and confidence in order to excel. The most effortless of tasks as well as the mentally and physical demanding obstacles of the day become a breeze, due to the simplicity habits of mind presents to all of us. 5.0 Conclusion Habits of mind will change learning in the future, that much is true, but will it change our perspective of learning? Yes, I believe that habits of  mind will eventually be adopted by the academic community all over the world, eventually becoming the base of our learning process. This extremely reliable learning framework is easy to use, easy to master and makes learning enjoyable, if you let it. It’s the combination of hundreds of years of learning techniques combined into one unyielding process of learning that everyone can understand. I believe that with the appropriate application of habits of mind within students of a younger age, habits of mind will eventually become the world’s main knowledge development method. 6.0 Recommendations I only have three recommendations, mainly because people don’t actually use them, they just read them agree with them and forget about them. So instead of going into detail I have selected the three most relevant recommendations that I believe will help you to study successfully. * Evaluate your study methods, see what needs improving and find ways to make it easier, more enjoyable. * Try. Try to study harder and for longer. Try to enjoy yourself. Play some music, go outside and study. * Incorporate habits of mind into your learning process, it can become a very useful tool benefiting you for life.

Causes of the French Revolution

Causes of the French Revolution The French Revolution occurred in France between 1789 and 1892 (although these dates were controversial by historians), and the French monarchy and AncienRà ©gime (Government) It brought overthrown. French monarchies have been established for centuries and the cause of the revolution is deeply rooted, including ancient institutional issues, growth of nationalism, influence of philosophers, and examples of American revolution I will. The reason for the French Revolution is the reason it really caused the French Revolution. Therefore, no one seems to be able to agree with a clear answer, but the answer is simple. Main reasons for the French Revolution. Finance, law and population segmentation. The French Revolution Law and the French government are perfect monarchies. There were 13 different regions in France at that time. Each of these 13 areas has its own rules. What does this mean? - Historians have long discussed the cause of the French Revolution. Maybe, it is not a single factor, it is the result of several factors. A combination of several social, political and economic reasons brought dramatic changes to French AncienRà ©gime, law and government system before the French Revolution of 1789. The French society of the 18th century was divided into three categories: clergy, nobility, and ordinary people. Origin of the French Revolution The fundamental cause of the French Revolution was a strong conflict between emerging bourgeoisie and deeply noblemen and kept its privileges. Perhaps the main reason for the revolution, there are two other things that brought about the French revolutionary madness - French debt and famine - a French essay  «l. Je suis Hindumaisj'aicÃÆ'  © lÃÆ'Æ’reneà ±l parce quec'estunefÃÆ' ªtequiestagrà ©can. J'aicÃÆ'  © lÃÆ'  «breà ±oÃÆ' « lvecmamÃÆ' Å“re, monpà ¨ - etmonpetits urcetteannà ©e is a source of Christian Christianity history. Cetteanà ©e, ladent lasaisondeNoÃÆ'  ¡ l, j'aiachetÃÆ' un calendrier d'advient Causes of the French Revolution The French Revolution in 1789 brought about many causes and events. Prior to the Revolution, France participated in many expensive wars, especially the American Revolutionary War, which caused economic difficulties and increased debt. The royal family and its courts are costly to repair. At the moment, the age of enlightenment is taking place, new ideas, challenges to the Ancien regime, and absolute dominance are emerging Causes of the French Revolution Reasons for the French Revolution On July 14, 1789, several Hungarian hungry people and 60 soldiers gained control over Bastille and changed the history of France. Occupation of Bastille was not caused by the incident, but caused by several root causes such as old regime, tax increase, American revolution, and philosopher's thoughts and beliefs. The direct cause of the revolution was the fact that the price of bread rose and the 3rd floor residence was shut out from the hall. The reason for the French Revolution is the reason it really caused the French Revolution. Therefore, no one seems to be able to agree with a clear answer, but the answer is simple. Main reasons for the French Revolution. Finance, law and population segmentation. The French Revolution Law and the French government are perfect monarchies. There were 13 different regions in France at that time. Each of these 13 areas has its own rules. What does this mean? - Historians have long discussed the cause of the French R evolution. Maybe, it is not a single factor, it is the result of several factors. A combination of several social, political and economic reasons brought dramatic changes to French AncienRà ©gime, law and government system before the French Revolution of 1789. The French society of the 18th century was divided into three categories: clergy, nobility, and ordinary people. Origin of the French Revolution The fundamental cause of the French Revolution was a strong conflict between emerging bourgeoisie and deeply noblemen and kept its privileges. Perhaps the main reason for the revolution, there are two other things that brought about the French revolutionary madness - French debt and famine - a French essay  «l. Je suis Hindumaisj'aicÃÆ'  © lÃÆ'Æ’reneà ±l parce quec'estunefÃÆ' ªtequiestagrà ©can. J'aicÃÆ'  © lÃÆ'  «breà ±oÃÆ' « lvecmamÃÆ' Å“re, monpà ¨ - etmonpetits urcetteannà ©e is a source of Christian Christianity history. Cetteanà ©e, ladent lasai sondeNoÃÆ' ¡ l, j'aiachetÃÆ' un calendrier d'advient Causes of the French Revolution Causes of the French Revolution The French Revolution in 1789 brought about many causes and events. Prior to the Revolution, France participated in many expensive wars, especially the American Revolutionary War, which caused economic difficulties and increased debt. The royal family and its courts are costly to repair. At this time, an age of enlightenment has arisen, new ideas, a challenge to the Ancien regime, and absolute control of power are born. The reason for the French Revolution is the reason it really caused the French Revolution. Therefore, no one seems to be able to agree with a clear answer, but the answer is simple. Main reasons for the French Revolution. Finance, law and population segmentation. The French Revolution Law and the French government are perfect monarchies. There were 13 different regions in France at that time. Each of these 13 areas has its own rules. What does this mean? - Historians have long discussed the cause of the French Revolution. Maybe, it is n ot a single factor, it is the result of several factors. A combination of several social, political and economic reasons brought dramatic changes to French AncienRà ©gime, law and government system before the French Revolution of 1789. In the 18th century, French society was divided into three categories, a mansion. Clergy, aristocracy, and the general public. Origin of the French Revolution The fundamental cause of the French Revolution was a strong conflict between emerging bourgeoisie and deeply noblemen and kept its privileges. Perhaps the main reason for the revolution, there are two other things that brought about the French revolutionary madness - French debt and famine - a French essay  «l. Je suis Hindumaisj'aicÃÆ'  © lÃÆ'Æ’reneà ±l parce quec'estunefÃÆ' ªtequiestagrà ©can. J'aicÃÆ'  © lÃÆ'  «breà ±oÃÆ' « lvecmamÃÆ' Å“re, monpà ¨ - etmonpetits urcetteannà ©e is a source of Christian Christianity history. Cetteanà ©e, ladent lasaisondeNoÃÆ'  ¡ l, j'aiachetÃÆ' un calendrier d'advient Causes of the French Revolution The reason for the French Revolution is a powerful country with a population of 29 million in France. It was ruled by King Rui, the sixteenth king known as King of the Sun. He has the right to rule from God, not from people. This idea is called the sacred right of the king. Louis is an absolute ruler. This means that he can do whatever he wishes without having to consult anyone. He lives in the luxury of Versailles. He is not very confident and I do not like to make a decision. He spent a lot of time locking and hunting. Origin of the French Revolution The fundamental cause of the French Revolution was a strong conflict between emerging bourgeoisie and deeply noblemen and kept its privileges. Perhaps the main reason for the revolution, there are two other things that brought about the French revolutionary madness - French debt and famine - a French essay  «l. Je suis Hindumaisj'aicÃÆ'  © lÃÆ'Æ’reneà ±l parce quec'estunefÃÆ' ªtequiestagrà ©can. J'aicÃÆ'  © lÃÆ'  « breà ±oÃÆ' « lvecmamÃÆ' Å“re, monpà ¨ - etmonpetits urcetteannà ©e is a source of Christian Christianity history. Cetteanà ©e, ladent lasaisondeNoÃÆ' ¡ l, j'aiachetÃÆ' un calendrier d'advient The reason for the French Revolution is the reason why it really caused the French Revolution. Therefore, no one seems to be able to agree with a clear answer, but the answer is simple. Main reasons for the French Revolution. Finance, law and population segmentation. The French Revolution Law and the French government are perfect monarchies. There were 13 different regions in France at that time. Each of these 13 areas has its own rules. What does this mean? - Historians have long discussed the cause of the French Revolution. Maybe, it is not a single factor, it is the result of several factors. A combination of several social, political and economic reasons brought dramatic changes to French AncienRà ©gime, law and government system before the French Revolution of 1789. The Fr ench society of the 18th century was divided into three categories: clergy, nobility, and ordinary people. revolution? The main reason for the French Revolution was a controversy between different kinds of social classes in French society. The French Revolution from 1789 to 1799 was one of the most important events in world history. The revolution brought many changes in France, and during the revolutionary era France was the most powerful country in Europe. The revolution brought about the development of new political forces like democracy and nationalism. It raised doubts on the authority of the king, priests, and aristocrats. The revolution also gave new meanings and new ideas to people's political thought. Causes of the French Revolution The beginning of the French Revolution is due to intensified inequality, bankruptcy, enlightenment and the influence of the American Revolution. The first and second real estate is made up of wealthy aristocrats without taxation and privilege. In contrast, the tertiary industry consists of citizens working hard every day and paying heavy taxes. This inequality made the people angry. The king before Louis XVI was Louis XIV. He used too much money and spranged the government. The reason for the French Revolution is the reason it really caused the French Revolution. Therefore, no one seems to be able to agree with a clear answer, but the answer is simple. Main reasons for the French Revolution. Finance, law and population segmentation. The French Revolution Law and the French government are perfect monarchies. There were 13 different regions in France at that time. Each of these 13 areas has its own rules. What does this mean? In France there is no unified legal system, basically the go vernment governs, but it is enacted through the parliament itself. The French Revolution was also known as the revolution of 1789. This is an era when people overthrew the monarchy and regulated the government. There are three main reasons for the French Revolution, economic, political and social. The economic reasons are as follows. Increase in government debt, trial of taxation on nobility, food shortage, and tax burden of tertiary industry. Political reason is absolute monarchy (invalid ruler Louis XVI). The social cause is the growth of industry, the rise of the middle class and the expansion of poverty. In short, the French Revolution completely changed the social and political structure of France. The revolution ended with the rise of Napoleon Causes of the French Revolution The French Revolution in 1789 brought about many causes and events. Prior to the Revolution, France participated in many expensive wars, especially the American Revolutionary War, which caused economic dif ficulties and increased debt. The royal family and its courts are costly to repair. At the moment, the age of enlightenment is taking place, new ideas, challenges to the Ancien regime, and absolute dominance are emerging

The Global Expansion Strategy of Australian Hotel Chain Essay

The Global Expansion Strategy of Australian Hotel Chain - Essay Example The rapid developments and technological advancements in the last 3 decades have resulted in globalisation, universalisation and internationalisation of this world. Indeed, the advent of the internet, infrastructural development and transportation have contributed significantly in dissemination of information, open communication and socialization worldwide. Nevertheless, the reduction of trade barriers and constrictions (such as quotas, tariffs, custom duties etc.) have not only resulted in growth of international trade but also raised the standard of living across the globe. The free trade agreements (NAFTA, SAFTA), eradication of quota system (WTO and GATT) and minimisation of duties are some of the major steps that provided new investment and business opportunities to enterprises. For instance, the ease of communication and construction of secure and reliable transportation networks provide firms an opportunity to expand in global markets and enhance their business volume and mone tary profits. It should be highlighted that Australia is considered as a developed nation, with individualistic culture and values, among international community because of its phenomenal economic growth in last few decades. It’s highly developed secondary (industrial and manufacturing) and tertiary (services) sectors have contributed in nation’s economic prosperity and well – being. Nevertheless, the Per Capita Income in Australia is between the range $38,000 – 39000, which shows that Australia is among the rich nations worldwide.

Transformational Leadership Atta ur Rehman Essay

Transformational Leadership Atta ur Rehman - Essay Example Even though knowledge is inadequate on what types of leaders are needed, there are a number of assumptions about leadership. Foe example, in an organization there is an assumption that leaders of organizational change should be both leaders and managers. Another assumption about leaders who change their organizations is that only administrators will be leaders. However this assumption that change comes only from individuals in top positions ignores the invisible leadership of lower-level staff members (Murphy, 1988). Vast studies of organizational leadership have been focused on leaders in administrative positions. These leaders begin with having a vision, develop a shared vision with their co-workers and value the organization's personnel. Leaders who change their organizations are proactive and take risks. They recognize shifts in the interests or desires of their clientele, anticipate the need to change and challenge the status quo. Transformational leadership has been found to be a significant factor in facilitating, improving and promoting the organizational progress of employees. Nevertheless, the data on leaders of organizational change and the emerging information on transformational leadership indicate that the characteristics of these individuals mirror those of leaders who have changed other organizations. Leaders of organizational change have vision; foster a shared vision, and value human resources. They are proactive and take risks. Vision to Change Organization Every type of leadership requires a vision. A vision is actually a force that provides meaning and purpose to the work of an organization. Leaders of change are visionary leaders, and vision is the basis of their work. To actively change an organization, leaders must make decisions about the nature of the desired state (Manasse, 1986). They begin with a personal vision to forge a shared vision with their co-workers. Their communication of the vision is such that it empowers the authority to people to act. According to Westley and Mintzberg (1989) visionary transformational leaders are dynamic and apply the following three stage process to create useful changes in their organizations. (a). They create an image of the desired future of the organization. (b). Communicate the vision to serve all. (c). Transformational leaders empower the followers so that they can enact the vision. For organizational leaders who implement changes in their organizations, vision is a hunger to see development (Pejza, 1985) as well as the force which forms meaning (Manasse, 1986). Leaders of organizational change have approach to display a clear picture of what they want to accomplish. Further they have the ability to visualize one's goals (Mazzarella & Grundy, 1989). In their vision, they present purpose, implication, and significance to the work of the organization and empower the staff to contribute to the realization of the vision. The American Association of School Administrators' (1986) description of leadership includes the leader's ability to translate a vision into reality as well as the skill to coherent the vision to others. According to Manasse (1986),

Trouble-shooting for social media Research Paper

Trouble-shooting for social media - Research Paper Example This will enable the Social media director to deliberate on object course of action in case something goes wrong. The hashtag was used for about two hours after when they realized that it was leading to negative publicity. Unfortunately, McDonalds Social media director, Rick Won pulled off the hashtag and admitted that it had failed in achieving the intended purpose. Instead of pulling down the tweets, they could have used them from a public relations point of view to turn the negative publicity into positive publicity. Policies should be put in place to deal with the negativity instead of pulling down the negative feedback. This can involve responding to individual customers who left negative feedback and engage them on the services and products offered by the business. At the end, many of such customers end up becoming loyal customers, pin down their initial negative feedback and instead post positive feedback. McDonald failed to track what their customers were posting on other social media sites. Even after the hashtag was removed, the public continued to outburst with a lot of unintended stories in Facebook and Instagram. Failure to monitor such action led to continued negative publicity despite pulling down the hashtag on twitter. McDonald should put in place a social mention tracking tool which monitor what customers are saying about their brand on other social sites. They will enable them respond to emergency situations before significant damage is

Supply Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Supply Performance - Essay Example A lot of cooperation among various departments, suppliers and customers helps in achieving the desired performance level (Case Study). It is very crucial to manage the procurement internally to avoid huge stock of unused material and final products. Optimisation can be realised only through integrated management of supply side. Other than supply of final products, supply of information not only within the company but all members of the supply chain are equally crucial in attaining required performance as production and distribution demands an integrated approach in decision making on stock maintenance and price determination (Kannegiesser et al. 2007). Environment at the retail operations of CUERO Ltd. was not conducive. The workforce at retail stores was at logger heads with marketing staff because they were not informed about the decisions taken at the marketing end. There was no procedure to share information between retail and marketing department. Lack of information of companyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s day-to-day functions generated a feeling of left cornered by the retail staff at 60 sites of the company. They were always unaware of the happenings on sales front about the likings of customers. As a result retail employees were unable to secure replenishment of such shoes that were in great demand and needed sufficient stock to offer at their retail outlets. Although most of the retail shops were performing above satisfactory level but some retail shops were running in deficit. Huge purchases were being procured from sources outside the UK. Such things were not publicized that the company has outsourced manufacturing or buying from other sources and branding them as its own (Case Study). The Supply chain at the promotions division, Imberholme, made direct sales of shoes manufactured at the Pacific Rim and shifted to a central stock keeping location at Imberholme in the South of England. Such promotion sales were priced on the market prevalent competitive rates, delivered only for large quantities on strict terms and conditions regarding order cancellation, payment, pricing and not compensating the supplier for such orders that were not trendy enough. This behaviour was due to abundance of suppliers, which was a reason of profit generation as well but the company suffered on other counts as quality of end products was compromising, delivery was delayed, required order quantities were not delivered and customers were not happy (Case Study). Causes of business success were attributed to reduction in prices and punctuality in operations. At the warehouse end, things worked properly but there was no management on returned products; replacements were shipped free of cost resulting in difference between the cost of providing the replacement facility. Information exchange between Imberholme and the factory locations was negligible and the management was least worrisome on the working conditions at the supply side (Case Study). Thus, it can be derived from t hat in stead of following a set of approaches to effectively integrate supply, manufacturing, warehousing and customers to produce exact quantity and supply to the desired destination and at the exact time to reduce costs, the CUERO Ltd. was doing the reverse at Imberholme. Good thing was that all shops were located at commercially viable locations where sales realisation was easy besides a number of accessories were also supplied in company shops such as leather handbags,

Rationalism and Empiricism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Rationalism and Empiricism - Essay Example It is about the psychological side that Pinker claims, "The past tense is the only case I know in which two great systems of Western thought (rationalism and empiricism) may be tested and compared on a single rich set of data, just like ordinary scientific hypotheses." But Searle argues among other things that the debate about the past tense is not a case in which "two great systems of Western thought (rationalism and empiricism) may be tested and compared on a single rich set of data." Searle argued that the features that make them "great systems of Western thought" are left unaffected by the discussion of the past tense. Their debate also included history, computation and information processing in relation to rationalism and empiricism where both thoughts oppose each other. The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy which Searle (in Pinker & Searle, 2002) thinks is standard, defines rationalism as the position that reason presides over other ways of acquiring knowledge, or that it is the unique path to knowledge. It is most often encountered as a view in epistemology, where it is traditionally contrasted with empiricism, the view that the senses are primary with respect to knowledge (Audi, 1999). Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that asks the question "How do we know what we know" (Epistemology n.d.). This is a nature/nurture debate then, with Rationalists going for nature and Empiricists going for nurture. Some scientists think that people behave as they do according to genetic predispositions or even "animal instincts." This is known as the "nature" theory of human behavior. Other scientists believe that people think and behave in certain ways because they are taught to do so. This is known as the "nurture" theory of human behavior (Powell, 2006). Plato and Descartes were famous Rationalists, John Stuart Mill and David Hume were famous Empiricists. The following can be said to be the levels by which rationalism and empiricism may be differentiated. DIFFERENCES Etymology and emphasis. According to Carlo Sini (2004), the name Rationalism obviously derives from the word 'rational' which goes back to the Latin, 'ratio' meaning 'calculation'. This in turn goes back to another Latin word, 'ratus', which is the past participle of 'reor', meaning "think', 'deem', 'judge'. What runs through all of these is the emphasis on mind, an emphasis connected with the word 'rational' as well: rationalise, rationality, and similar terms. 'Empiricism' derives from another English word, 'empiric', meaning, 'derived from experience.' The term "empirical" was originally used to refer to certain ancient Greek practitioners of medicine who rejected adherence to the dogmatic doctrines of the day, preferring instead to rely on the observation of phenomena as perceived in experience (Sini, 2004). The doctrine of empiricism was first made by John Locke in the 17th century. Locke argued that the mind is a tabula rasa ("clean slate" or "blank tablet"or" white paper") on which experiences leave their marks. To Locke, the mind is like

Marijuana legalization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marijuana legalization - Research Paper Example Apparently, arrests on marijuana account for more than half of the drug convictions leading to overcrowding in prisons (Gerber 33). Legalization of the drug will cause a drop in the number of arrests. It also means that state governments will reduce expenditure on the fight against drugs. Economically stable countries have invested much on the fight against illegal drugs. Marijuana is most common among the young populations hence its legalization will prevent the use of other illegal hard drugs. Economically, States are bound to benefit from the production of legalized marijuana. Investors and entrepreneurs will come up with plantations of the drug causing an increase in incomes. The farms and industries will also create employment opportunities leading to improved lifestyles. After its legalizations, policies will be passed such as those used to control alcohol consumption. The states will benefit from fines since individuals will be charged with inappropriate consumption. Funds dedicated to the fight against the use of marijuana will be channeled to other public activities. Cannabis Sativa has been used for medicinal reasons for a long time. Medical research has shown that marijuana can be used to heal nausea caused by other major ailments. It has also been used on individuals suffering from fatigue to help them relax and prevent stress related disorders. Doctors have recommended that medical marijuana should be used to cause sleep in patients suffering from insomnia. Chemotherapy has been introduced in most hospitals due to the advancement in technology. On the contrary, it has side effects such as nausea and loss of appetite. Medical marijuana can be used on cancer patients to heal the impacts of chemotherapy. Legalization will prevent issues associated with black market because it will be readily available in hospitals (Morgan 36). Street related

Developing Yourself as an Effective Human Resources or Learning and Development Practitioner Essay Example for Free

Developing Yourself as an Effective Human Resources or Learning and Development Practitioner Essay Today’s human resources department are in each and every company, one of the important aspect for human resources is to develop an emphasis and educate their human capital, in order for more efficiency and effectiveness for the company. The Charted Institute Personal Development â€Å"CIPD† covers the implication of profession map which assists for better results in companies. The profession map captures the knowledge and behaviors that human resources need to improves and sustain the value for the organization to meet its requirements, the professional map is divided into three segment where each segment defines. First segment Profession areas: contains ten activities that human resources apply for the employee to gain knowledge. Performance and reward: Assist in create and sustain a high achieving organization culture environment by carrying programs that prize and recognize the productivity and capabilities of the employee. Through motivation, employee enhances their skills and performances and experience to receive a reward for an outstanding performance. For example; American Express Company, any agent who meet the quality of the call center and deliver the message in a professional way, by having high quality and quantity calls, the agent will be recognized and rewarded for this outstanding performance. Another example; in Ithamar Bank any employee who has a creative and innovative idea will get rewarded, this is an appreciation from the bank to encourage the behavior of brainstorming, which might lead the company to huge success. Learning and development: Learning and development is a subdivision of human resources department, which objects to develop and to educate group and individual performance by increasing and enhancing knowledge and skills. For example; Direct English institution provided me for a course in human resources course â€Å"CIPD† in order to have improved effect company by applying the benefited knowledge from the course. Developing the human capital to have a better outcome performance and experience and knowledge helps the company to have improved outcome. Learning and development is part of an organization’s management strategy which is designed to align with the organization’s general vision and goals. Organization design: confirms the company’s structure design is according to company’s goals for both the long run and for the short. Organization development: ensures that human resources applies its strength and improving its weakness to develop the organization by changing its activities through align strategies with the company’s objective. Resourcing and talent planning: ensure that the human resources the use its assets in useful and efficient and productive approach for achieving company’s objective. Employee engagement: ensures that to improve the communication skills in the work environment for greater productivity and greater contribution toward the company’s objective through leadership Employee relations: enhance the relationship between the employees and manage it through the company’s structure through policies and code of conduct and rules and by relevant law. Service delivery and information: Ensures the quality and informatio n of the customer through human resources by applying project management to enable effective and cost-efficient service delivery throughout the company. Learning and managing human resources function: Ensures that the leadership is to hence the maximizing the contribution by supporting and developing others, by acting as a role model in the organization. Strategy insight and solutions: develop a strategy that aligns with the company’s vision by improving the understanding of the organization. Second segment behaviors: The Profession Map Behaviors define the capabilities for human resources profession. Human resources need to carry and achieve related role to reach the level of professionalism, the role requires specific competencies to be proven at each band level throughout the human resources path. Courage to challenge: Shows courage and confidence to speak up skillfully and to challenge others, even when challenged with resistance or unfamiliar circumstances. For example; you have to prepare a presentation for an important meeting for the first time, the person needs to overcome this challenge and break their fear of a failure, by putting the trust in their self for this accomplishment. Role model: Regularly leads by example. Acts with honesty, A role model is a person other individuals look up to in order to help define appropriate behaviors. Role models can be either positive or negative. For example, positive role models offer a variety of supportive or valuable behaviors and actions. On the other hand, the negative role models offer examples of injurious or troublesome failure behaviors and actions. Curious: Future concentration, create an evolving and innovative ways to add value to the organization. Decisive thinker: Establishes the ability to investigate and understand data and information. Using knowledge and information in a structured way to recognize opportunities. Skilled influencer: Reveals the ability to inspire and to gain the necessary commitment and support from the organization. Personally credible: create professionalism through joining commercial and human resources expertise to add value to the organization. Collaborative: Works effectively and inclusively with a variety of employees, both within and outside of the organization. Driven to deliver: Establishes determination, creativity, and persistence to carry the finest outcome for the organization and its people.Third segment bands: The four bands of professional competencies define, the contribution that human resources professionals mark at every stage of their profession. It aids to give a clear path and em phasis to all human resource professionals progress planning and behaviors. At Band 1: the role would be a human resource consultant, whose role would be to focus on consumer support and direct and ongoing problems, spend time providing information, handling data and serve the consumer with facts and evidence and peace of mind. They must also be well-organized, flexible and give client satisfaction. Band 2: the role would a human resource advisor who counsels and manages human resource related matters and linking to the individual or a team. Human resource advisor has an understanding of the estimated process and solutions available. Assists the consumer with flexible selections and recommendations and allow frequent business. Band 3. Leads a professional range acting as an advisor or partner, reports the key human resource challenges at an organizational level for the average and long-term. Band 4. Leads and accomplishes professional areas in the organization. Responsible for devel oping and carrying organizational and human resource strategy.Activity 2 2.1 In order to priorities the conflicts within the company and to manage the customer’s priority, each matter needs to be adjusted to either imported or urgent. Upon this, a decision can be made whichever is important or urgent, and the matrix describes it into four categories, 1. Important and Urgent: There are two different types of urgent and important activities: ones that you could not have expected and others that you have left until the last minute. 2. Important but Not Urgent: These are the activities that support you to achieve your personal and professional goals for the long run and complete important work. 3. Not Important but Urgent: Urgent but not important tasks are things that prevent you from accomplishing your goals always try to reschedule or delegate them. 4. Not Important and Not Urgent: These activities are just a disruption, avoid them if possible. An external customer is someone who consumes your businesss products but is not part of your company. For example, an external customer is an individual who enters your store and buys merchandise or service. An internal customer is any member of your company who trusts on support from another to their job responsibilities, for example; sales representative who needs help from a customer service representative to complete an order. Another example for an internal customer; a customer calls on the call center to ask about his credit balance, the customer service agent calls the credit department to assist him to pass on the information to the end customer. And lastly, we have end users customer, business to business; which is a business that emphasis on marketing and selling products and services to other companies; for example in our direct English institution, we have other institutions that request to purchase our particular education course. Dealing with different customers the org anization must priorities for each, which mainly depends on its importance and its urgency for each situation and condition. 2.2 Effective communication is important to the company and it can be improved in many ways. In truth, communication act as a role in product development and customer relations also employee management and almost every aspect of a business operations process. Employees are a key audience because they often serve as the conduit to other audiences. If employees are knowledgeable, communications with other communities are likely to be strong as well. Effective structural communication will create a strong communication and the teamwork for employees to achieve company goals. There are mainly three types of communication, Verbal Communication which can be through a telephone or internet Skype, which is only through a voice channel, and Nonverbal Communication like emails, fax, SMS, test and lastly we have, Visual Communication which is mainly faced to face or meetings. Each has its own advantages and disadvantage for example; Verbal Communication you can communicate with a large number of cu stomers in short time, on the other hand, customer won’t be able to fully understand everything as the visual communication, and for Nonverbal Communication for example; customer has a reminder and a proof of the text which is reliable, on the other hand, some messages might be sent incorrectly and cause a large damage, Visual Communication is what customers prefer as so that they can express their emotions in better way, the disadvantage that this process takes lots of time to deal with each customer. 2.3 Effective service delivery, There are several overall points to think about when managing and planning the delivery of your services and products to be measured. There are also some particular aspects and methods that you may find helpful if you have limited time or resources. Within the framework of planning the business some aspects should be considered in order to improve the quality and the trust relationship with the community: Delivering service on time Time is limited. You cannot buy more time, but there are several things you can do to manage your time more efficiently. Plans rarely show up to be accomplished in the best way, and even the finest managers have to deal with unpredictable matters like suppliers not delivering on time, one of the employee members getting ill or trains are being delayed, equipment breaks, etc. Nevertheless, if you plan sufficiently you are more likely to deliver on time. When business starts deliver on time the business will start to be trusted and dependable, and this will attract lots of customers due to its timely delivery quality. Delivery service on a budget Planning a strategy based on a budget will enable you to identify the resources needed accurately before you start a project. Try to mark the things that may cost additional money. You should also make sure you are not forgetting anything that could end up costing you additional cost. Some practical preparation tools can be used to assist you to approximate how much resources will be needed at each stage of the process and how much will it cost and how long will it take. By then the business will start to reduce cost and be more efficient and effective in dealing the on a budget. Dealing with difficult customers First of all the one who deals with the customer needs to adjust his mindset once he/she is aware that the client is unhappy then the first priority is to have a customer service mindset. Secondly listen actively which is the most important phase of the whole dealing process is listening actively to what your client or customer is saying. Repeat the customers concerns to make sure that addressing the right issue, ask questions to make sure that youve identified the problem correctly. These matters should be considered when dealing with difficult customers, and it helps to solve future problems. Handling and resolving complaints Be Empathic and Apologize for example; I understand why youre upset. I would be too. Im very sorry that we didnt get the samples to you on time, especially since its caused these problems. And then to find or suggest the solution to his problem, if the suggested solution didn’t please the customer try to hear his perspective suggestion for the solution. Once you have both decided on a solution, you need to take action straight away. Explain every process to fix the problem to your customer Take Action and Follow-up to show your customer that you care. And lastly, use the Feedback from the complaints to decrease the risk of the condition happening again. References BIBLIOGRAPHY Eisenhower. (August 19, 1954). Eisenhowers Urgent/Important Principle. Address at the Second Assembly of the World Council of Churches, Evanston, Illinois: The American Presidency Project. Steven Edwards, K. J. (n.d.). Turning a Challenge into an Opportunity. Retrieved from www.mindtools.com: https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/unhappy-customers.htm

Teaching Strategies Analysis Teaching Methods in the Classroom

Teaching Strategies Analysis Teaching Methods in the Classroom Peoples attitude as a result of learning might not show itself as the effect of the learning till they engage in some sort of academic activities later. Learning is considered to be something that is capable of bringing a perpetual change eventually in the entire set up of an individual with regards to physical activities that they are involved in and in their general mind set (Burn, 1995). The ability to learn is one of the successes achieved in the world of knowledge. Teachers adopt a lot of teaching strategies in order to ensure effective learning by their students. There is a relationship between applying a wide range of teaching strategies and effective learning in the classroom. Apart from having different teaching strategies, there are also different learning styles which include Accomodators, Assimilators, Convergers and Divergers. Most students learn by adopting a mixture of these learning styles. As part of their responsibility to incorporate different teaching methods which is expected to bring about effective learning, teachers also identify a range of learning styles that their lessons will address as well as the teaching strategies that will engage their pupils the most. Again teachers try to match their pupils preference for learning to their own preferred range of teaching strategies. The way and manner in which a teacher guides, instructs and imparts knowledge to students is known as the teaching style. Teachers have their own teaching style but may also adopt a range of teaching methods depending on the individual needs and abilities of the pupils. Some teachers prefer lecturing, demonstrating or having a discussing with the pupils. Some pay attention to rules and examples while others emphasises on memorising and understanding. Other methods include active learning, case method, cooperative learning, integrating technology and distance learning. In the same way an individuals learning style is seen as the ways in which he or she characteristically acquires, retains and retrieves information. Collectively, again pupils learn in different ways which includes by seeing and learning; reflecting and acting; reasoning logically and intuitively; memorising and visualization. The teaching styles of teachers may not always match the students learning styles in which case can result in adverse effects on the quality of the students learning and the class as a whole (Felder and Silverman 1988; Lawrence 1993; Oxford et al. 1991; Schmeck 1988). It is known that how much knowledge a student acquires depends partly on the students natural ability and how much preparation has been made before the lesson and also partly on how compatible is the students and teachers approach to learning and teaching respectively. Students involved in cooperative tasks try to find solutions to problems that will help team mates in their small group and not only for themselves. In our world today there is an ever increasing need for one person to depend on another in almost everything we do. By working as a team students learn to mutually depend on each other. It is thus vital that teachers try to equip students with the necessary tools that are efficient to an effective team work in a collaborative learning. One way in which students effectively learn from one another is through cooperative learning. One teaching strategy among a wide range of others that has been identified as an effective method of teaching is cooperative learning involving students in small groups with different levels of ability. This teaching style adopts a range of learning activities to make understanding of the subject easier. Each member in a group apart from learning also has the responsibility of helping teammates to learn. Also each group member has a specific task and everyone must be involved in the learning because the success of the group usually depends on the successful work of every individual member. Again group members continue to practice concepts until the whole group are able to understand and can complete the task that is given. Mediation is an essential part of cooperative learning. Conflicts sometimes occur when students learn in groups. Mediation in cooperative learning is where students facilitate resolving disputes between groups. Peer mediation has been proven effective because it is believed that it changes the way students understands and resolve conflicts in their lives is modelling, facilitating and coaching. Coaching involves giving hints or clues, providing feedback, redirecting students efforts and helping their use of a strategy. That is to provide them with right amount of help when they need it. Cooperation is about depending and interacting with one another, being responsible for whatever you do and the ability to display interpersonal skills. Incorporating these in cooperating learning will make cooperative learning a success (Johnson et al., 1993). The success of cooperative learning brings about: Providing opportunities for greater understanding of underlying concepts through practice and discussions among team members Promoting learning actively and the ability to remember what you have learnt Developing students social and communication skills Promoting self esteem/concept Enhancing students motivation and understanding Learning and benefiting from each other For cooperative learning methods to work effectively in class, the teacher has to employ well structured and tried and tested tasks using the standard rules and aims of cooperative learning. There are different cooperative learning activities that can be done in class. This includes round robin brainstorming, jigsaw, three-minute review, number headed together, team pair solo, circle the stage, think-pair-share and partners (Kagan, 1986). Ray (2008) in his article mentioned some examples of cooperative learning strategies which included group investigation, group success and cooperative joint reading structure. To enhance students motivation and enable them to work well as students teams are rewarded in cooperative learning activities. This will make students responsible for their part of the work and work hard to achieve success for the entire group which normally comprise of between 4 to 6 students. It should also be established that individuals in a cooperative learning team are responsible for their actions whiles the group is accorded the due recognition. This study focuses on cooperative learning as a teaching strategy for learning effectively. Cooperative learning is an orderly form of learning that requires students to work in small groups towards a set goal. The effort put together by each member enables the group to successfully acquire the set goal. Collaborative learning is similar to cooperative learning in that both emphasises a learning method where students are actively involved but collaborative has a wider spectrum of interactions among learning groups on community basis (Bruffee, 1993). It is important to plan and prepare carefully when integrating cooperative learning strategies into a course. When cooperative groups are formed well, students will: depend on each other, solve any problem that arises within the group, be responsible to each other, find ways to assess the task set for them and make sure proper learning environment is maintained. All these make cooperative learning an effective teaching and learning strategy. There have been a number of researches on teaching strategies that impact on students learning effectively with different opinions in several quarters. Lots of debates have also taken place about effective teaching which has to a large extent been based on the efficiency of providing a number of ways of teaching styles and strategies due to the strong recognition that pupils learn in different ways. Cooperative learning has in recent times been criticised largely as a result of its use inappropriately. One school of thought argues that teachers sometimes give much attention to the best students by making them heads of a learning group. This study thus seeks to analyse cooperative learning as a teaching strategy for effective learning. In this study we will explore the following questions: Does cooperative learning bring about effective learning? Does cooperative learning benefit the whole group of students? What can be done to address the needs of all members in the learning groups? LITERATURE REVIEW Cooperative learning has been one of the best researched of all teaching strategies. Results of studies indicate that students who are given opportunity to work together in groups not only learn faster and more efficiently but also have greater retention and feel more positive about the learning experience. The term cooperation is seen as a joint operation or action with a common purpose. It is working in a team where the success of the team entirely rest on the skills of each member of the team. Most researchers and practitioners of cooperative learning stress that it is a formal instructional model in which teachers carefully design lessons and activities that are suitable for use by teams. Team work, under proper conditions encourages peer learning. Teambuilding exercises are very important in the development of teams that will work together for an extended period of time on a complex project or a series of activities. Teambuilding may be defined as the process needed to create, maintain, and enrich the development of a group of people into a cohesive unit (Solomon et al., 1993). Kagan (1986) in his definition of cooperative learning in an Educational Leadership magazine emphasised on the need to establish a well organised interaction socially between students in small groups where general materials can be employed irrespective of the environment or the occasion so far as it is based on a sound creation and a good form of assessment. Cooperative learning among a wide range of teaching strategies has been identified as a successful teaching strategy in which small groups each normally consisting of students having different levels of ability work together to achieve a common goal. Mixed abilities among students are caused by their motivations, interests, and needs; linguistic ability; general educational background; learning styles; age; external pressures and time available to study; and student anxiety (Ainslie, 1994). Motivation is promoted among students through cooperative learning due to the support from each other. Students are told to study material much more than they would otherwise have and to use creativity as a way of proving to their teachers how they have gained control over the study. Students encouragement to do their work in school as noted by Glasser (1986) is somehow based on how satisfied they are psychologically. The students form part of a learning team and can be successful through the group work. To be successful as a group in cooperative learning, members must be on top of the skills required to do a particular task in order to achieve its goal as a team. Cooperative learning activities should be organised in such a way that student in a team are dependent on each other in a more positive way as well as being accountable to themselves. The objectives of a childs education during the early stages are complimented by elements involved in cooperative learning (Johnson and Johnson, 1974). A lot of research on cooperative learning found out that children build up good relations with each other in the team most importantly those from different background. In the early stages of a childs education, the teachers priority is for the children to engage in activities by taking turns and to practice how to share with each other as well as care for one another. Teachers thus plan and organise activities such as cooperative learning which are geared towards bringing out such desirable traits. Teachers also create classroom environment that helps children not only be aware of themselves but also of other children around them. The processes involve in cooperative learning according to Salvin (1984) comprise of all the needs of a cooperative and fair interaction among pupils from all kinds of backgrounds. Again he noted that cooperative learning apart from being comparatively easy and cheaper to undertake also help to attain academic success among members in the team. It has also been proven to establish and make relationship better between students irrespective of their individual differences. Group creativity technique and intensive learning is achieved through cooperative learning. This enables students to think out of the box and generate ideas for the solution of a problem. By so doing, they gain good skills and attitudes towards their learning. Proper assessment is done either by their teacher or their peers during cooperative learning. According to Featherstone (1986), when students are given cooperative task, although the group is remunerated as a whole the assessment of their learning is done discretely. Feedback from such assessment gives students clearer guidance on how to improve their learning and also maximise their potential. Renowned researchers have found out that teaching strategies such as cooperative learning greatly influences students academic achievements. Many research work done on cooperative learning has been proven to be efficient than the traditional way in bringing about effective learning in students. Nor is it all for, it also improves motivation and the level of attainment by students which brings about a positive and a long lasting impact on their social life. Again a childs ability to acquire and put together new ideas is greatly improved through cooperative learning. Students develop and sharpen their skills in finding solution to given tasks due to the fact that they are able to interact freely with team mates having different abilities and from different backgrounds. Cooperative learning again increases the self-esteem of students which more than encourages them to learn and develop an attitude where they become focussed on the task at hand in order to attain high marks. In his assessment in 1998 of certain schools which incorporated cooperative learning as a teaching strategy, Prof. Hopkins of the University of Nottingham noted that, students learnt how to find solution to problems by working as a group whiles employing their individual skills and had also generally improved on their behaviour towards learning. Again it was found that students were able to make use of their acquired skills in different subject areas and that the notion that boys always make less progress in their learning as compared to girls from historical trends were also disapproved. The possibility for achievement by a team can be high when all team members take part in the group activities. Being committed to group discussions makes a lot of information available to the group members, which in turn helps students to take a lot of information on board hence improving their thinking and decision making. When students learn in small teams they mentally analyse what they know, put their view across and expand on it and feel free to ask questions for clarification. Effective and task oriented teams usually have a positive outcome (Soller et al., 1996).

Stereotypes of Native Americans in Modern Films Essay -- Movie Film Es

Stereotypes of Native Americans in Modern Films There are many stereotypes about Native Americans which are promoted in today's films. Since the beginnings of the westward settlement people have been saying things about the Native Americans that are not necessarily true. They were depicted as savages and thieves. Like all peoples this is true about some, but not for all. In fact, it was the Native Americans which helped the pilgrims settle in this country in the first place. This never stopped whites from stereotyping the way we have. Early films and TV shows gave Native Americans a bad image. Old western films are a good example of this. In these the cowboys were always the good guys and the Native Americans were the bad guys. More recent films and TV shows give a different picture of the Native American. Since the start of television the Americans view of the culture of the Native American has slowly changed from being a ruthless savage to an honored race of people. Stereotypes of Native Americans were first taught to us by our parents. Almost all of us can remember playing cowboys and Indians when we were little kids. The cowboy would always be the good guy and he would chase the Indian and shoot him with his gun. When we are taught this as little children it is hard to give this idea up as adults. People still commonly call Native Americans Indians which is wrong since that name was given to them by Columbus when he thought he was in India. It also makes for exciting action in films to have the cowboy chasing the Native American around and shooting him. This could be a major reason why so many cowboy and Indian movies were made. Television also promotes many stereotypes about Native Americans. Television has such ... ... good guys. In the film Kostner begins with the picture that all Native Americans are bad and they would eventually attack him. But as the film goes on he learn that they are not bad people and adopts their ways. Then the white people are made out as the bad guys in the end of the film when they capture Kostner and treat him bad. Why is it that many films have taken on the drastic change of making the Native Americans go from bad guys to good guys? Probably one of the biggest reasons is that people are better educated about the history of Native Americans now then they were before. People are now realizing that we treated Native Americans poorly. This gives people a sense of guilt about how their ancestors treated Native Americans. Works Cited AAP Commitee on Communications. "Television Issues." http://www.cybergate.com/~simonian/tv.html (23 April. 1997).

Essay --

Experiencing a poor social upbringing has influenced my desire to help children from socially deprived backgrounds achieve a success. With the drive to assist others and inspired by my mother in the teaching profession my aspirations of becoming a teacher can be recognised from the past three years of my life through my academic knowledge and experience. I am strong and varied communicator, with the belief that motivating individuals is the key to success, which gives me the confidence to adjust my approach to suit my audience. This was highly beneficial as an activities instructor as I was working with children from a range backgrounds and abilities. I demonstrated that I have valuable leadership skills as I was conducting over forty activities with a group of sixteen children. As I was sent to different camp sites in the UK I was leading different groups consistently. This increased my knowledge in the field of SEN as I was working with children with autism. I have learnt to improve children's self-esteem through motivation, praise and team innovation. As a teaching assistant/ment...

Stephen Edwin King :: essays research papers

Stephen Edwin King The second son of Donald and Nellie Ruth Pillsbury King was born on 1974 in Portland, Maine. His name was Stephen Edwin King. After his parents serpertion as a toddler, Stephen and his older brother, David, were raised by his mother. Stephen, David, and their mother lived in Fort Wayne, Indiana, which was where Stephen's father's side of the family lived. They then moved to Stratford, Connecticut, that was where Stephen King spent most of his childhood paying frequent visits to his mother's side of the family that resided in Malden, Massachusetts and Pownal, Maine. Around his 11th anniversary Stephen's mom moved to Durham, Maine, along with Stephen and his brother, to take care of her parents, whom were to old to take care of themselves. Stephen's school days were spent in the Durham Grammar School. He then attended Lisbon Falls High School, graduating in 1966. He went to college at the University of Maine at Orono, at which, during his spophomore year, he worte a weekly column for THE MAINE CAMPUS. During his years at college he was opposed to the war in Vietnam, declaring it unconstitutional. After his graduation in 1970 Stephen had aquired a Bachelor of Science in English and immediately was qualified to teach at the high school level. As a student Stephen worked at the Folger Library, which was on the University of Maine at Orono's campus. While working he met a fellow employee named Tabitha Spruce, who he married in Janurary 1971. Stephen King's first publication was a short story he wrote and sent to a men's magazine. This is where his first profit from writing came from, throughout the few years after his graduation he worte stories and sold them to men's magazines. All of these short stories would be later gathered into a collection known as the "Night Shift collection." In the fall of '71 King was hired as a teacher at Hampden Academy, a public high school in Hampden, Maine. He still found time to write short stories and work on his novel on the weekends and evenings. King's first big break came on the spring of 1973 upon the acceptence of Doubleday & Co. to publish Stephen King's novel Carrie. After learning from his new editor, Bill Thompson, that a major paperback sale would make him financially secure enough to quit teaching, Stephen moved his now growing family to southern Maine because of his grandmother's ever growing sickness. During the writing of Salem's Lot

Statistical Process Control Assigment

Task1: Describe two basic types of inspection used in sampling for process control and explain two processes at your company that could benefits from each type of inspection. In you answer gives the example of variation expected from that process. Answer 1- There are two types of data inspection which are below: 1. Variable or continuous scale 2. Attribute or discrete scale 1. Variable or continuous data inspection: The variable data inspection is the type of inspection which varies time to time and it is the scale of measurement for any process used in different industrial process as well as in our daily life.In variable data inspection there is not breakup between the process. Which means the variable data scale always vary with the time. Examples: Temperature, distance, Analogue signal, Acceleration, Velocity, Weight etc. Explanation: 1- As we know that the analogue signal always varies the values from zero to its maximum values with the different periods of time. Analogue signal start from zero value and its goes to high peak and then after that its values become low which goes to minimum to zero. This example shows that this type of inspection is always continuous with time.But we should be remembering that in variable data inspection the value always was remaining continues. 2- In another example suppose a cooking oil company selling the different type of oil drums into market. Then we differentiate all these drums in local shop by checking their size , weight, volume, shapes, capacity. 2. Attribute data inspection: In is scale of measurement in any process which should not be vary or continue. The attribute data inspection scale is measured by checking their quality. For example pour quality, bad , accept, and good , yes or not.Examples: 1- For example we want to buy a motorbike in showroom. So then we do not need to look its engine power or its speed and other features. Just we will be choosing that looks good for us. But in case of attribute data inspe ction we need to see its all features. For example its model or its engine power capacity which make motorbike different from other models. Also by looking its more characteristics. 2- Suppose a company producing different type of product like a pen etc. Then in attribute data inspection scale we just look and select any of them.But we will consider its quality, and their writing life time. The above both scale of measurement are necessary in industrial but often time we give the priority to variable data scale because it is important that to get more success in our products quality. And checks the product everything by using the attribute data scale. For example today a lots company producing the electronics components which are used in printed circuit board for electronics industry design. But to make safe working operation of any electronics devices we must check the components life time, materials quality, its temperature.Which make the circuit operation more effective and incre ased the circuit finally stability. So thus why by using the attribute data inspection our product will work more efficient. Which also keep the customer happy and satisfy? But we used the other type of inspection at this stage then we have more change that our business or product goes in loss and it’s reduce the customer unhappy and keep down market value over all. Task 2: Describe clearly the significance of natural and assignable causes of variation. Answer: There are two type of variation which is below. – Natural or common cause of variation: Explanation: This type of variation is actually happened in system by automatically or naturally. But the effects of this variation in process is low than other variation. All these variation automatically generated and effect the process because nature of system. For example in electronics field we can see that are too many natural variation which normally involves in the system and change the system output overall. The rays of sun, industrial noise etc which often affect the transistors and change its current.All these variation is inheriting the process. But a main thing is how we keep our process our process away from this natural variation. According to my own point of view this is only required to modify the system which can decrease effect of natural variation in process. This can be done when we select a good team and team management skills. 2-Assignable variation or special cause of variation: The special or assignable variation is the type of variation which occurred in process by different method for example the change of the environment, lack of attention of operator or problems in machine.So assignable variation is not generated automatically in process but all these variation cause when you see some problems in machine or the lack of attention of the operator who do not have extra skill to properly handle it or used it. So we need to check the environment as well because the change of envi ronment suddenly can also affect our result. By making some good decision and applying some strategies we can eliminate the assignable variation in process. It is easy to avoid the special cause of variation in system comparatively naturally variation. Task 3:Explain the purpose of modified control limits for variable data inspection: A control limits is very important for any process to run in right direction. By controlling limits narrow our project will be look more effective and perfect. The wider control limit is the signe which show the project is going to be fail. Which means there are lots of variations in project which can effect our product as well. It does not matter that how much project is big or large, but main thing is in project that how we can handle the limits by the using good technical skill or scientific method.So by controlling the limits of variation in our process our project will be run more smooth and can keep satisfy of our customer and increase products q uality through production methodology. Figure -1 Control limit diagram The above figure -1 is basic diagram of a control limit chart of any process. Where we can see tow lines. The upper line is called upper control and lower line is called lower control limit line and between them there is one more line which is called average line or centre line.If for example if we increased the distance of upper and lower control limit lines then its much difficult to us to find the error in our process, because the variation in our process is very high. So we have maximum chance that our project will be damage at any stage. If we see less distance between upper and lower limit lines then we can say our process is under control or project is stable. Which means there is nothing wrong in our system which damages our project to its success? If the data is fall down out size these two control lines then we should be know that some things is wrong in our process which take us to the damage.In the pr ocess is in control and process statistic is normal, 99. 7300% of all the points will fall between the control limits. Any observation outside the limits, or systematic pattern within, suggest the introduction of a new and like unanticipated source of variation, known as special cause variation. Since increased variation means increased the quality costs, a control chart (signalling) the presence of a special – cause requires immediate investigation. This makes the control limits very important decision aids.The control limits tell you about process behaviour and have not intrinsic relationship to any specification targets or engineering tolerance. In practice , the process mean (and hence the centre line) may not coincide with the specified value or target of the quality characteristic because the process’ design’ simply cannot deliver the process characteristic at the desired level. The purpose of control charts is to allow simple detection of events that are indicative of the actual process change. This simple decision can be difficult where process characteristic is continuously varying.The control chart provides statistically objective criteria of change when change is detected and considered good it is cause should be identified and possibly become the new way of working, where the change is bad then its cause should be identified and eliminated. Task no 6: p3. 1, p3. 3, 4. 2: According to my experiment in class the data collected by taking the length and diameter measurement. In all of the 25 readings I draw a distribution chart and according to that chart most of the values of length of dowels are in between 29. 81mm to 30. 00mm and then the 2nd most common values are in 30. 1mm to 30. 20mm while the rest of values are in between 29. 00mm to 29. 80mm. As shown in below figure 1. 1 As showing in this SPC chart 1. 1 where the data is moving away from the mean line which mean there is something happening wrong in the process but it is still in control so we need to check it out properly in order to get bet product of dowel from process. SPC chart 1. 1 Similarly I draw some control chart relating to dowels diameter and no of dowels in which I can see that most of the data existing near to the mean value but there is two point which is point A and point B as shown in the SPC 1. where the data is moving away from the mean line which mean there is something happening wrong in the process but it is still in control so we need to check it out. SPC 1. 2 In figure 1. 2 the data shown in the chart tells us that the most of the data is below the mean line but is in control but if the process going in the same direction then after some time we can see that all those points which are near to mean line moving away from it and it cross the lower limits and it become uncontrollable. SPC 1. 3 In figure 1. the chart for the diameter of the dowels shows that the most of the diameter of the dowels are between 7. 81mm to 8. 00mm th en the 2nd most common value of diameter is existing between8. 01mm to 8. 20mm, while the remaining values are in between 8. 21mm to 8. 40mm , 7. 60mm to 7. 80mm and 8. 61mm to 8. 90mm. Task: 7 P2. 5; p3. 3 Recommendations to the manufacturing manger on how to control the dowel production process. This could be in the form of a control program. Answer: The manufacture manger is person who is responsible to control the all kind of variation in dowel production in process system.Because without knowing variation which can effect the dowel performance cannot be improve the process of dowels. First of all the manger should be know that what kind of variations can effect system of dowel during their measurement or during the process of dowels. As i mentioned in beging that there are two kinds of variations which can involved in system and it can damage the system of dowel. These two variation are very common , and production manger need to control them by using some wise step. These two variations are given below. * Common cause of variation Special cause of variation The first kind of variation in dowel production can be effect by the nature of system. Because all these kinds of variation is actually generated automatically. So the manger should be making a list in which he need to write all kinds of common cause variation. Here are some given some example of common cause variation * Inappropriate procedures. * Poor design. * Poor maintenance of machines. * Lack of clearly defined standard operating procedures. * Poor working conditions. e. g. lighting, noise, dirt, temperature, ventilation. * Machines not suited to the job. Substandard raw materials. * Measurement error. If the above variation happens in production of dowel then the manufacturing manger should be control by applying different strategies. For example they need to use some new and good error less equipment which can show proper measurement of dowel. Also he needs to check the raw materials in the p roduction of dowel. Always try to use the good materials and should be provide safe working environment to their employees. According to my own opinion the work environment can play an important role in dowel production plant.If the manger implement some role in plant then they can improve both quality and workers performance in order to get best performance of their production. Because a happy work place or environment is productive office or place weather all employees put their efforts to improving the quality. Often time the engineers / works enhance their ability when their management provide them safe and secure atmosphere. The assignable variation cannot affect the system by automatically but these all variation effect the process of dowel by unusually. Here are some examples of assignable variations * Operator absent. Poor adjustment of equipment. * Operator falls asleep. * Faulty controllers. * Machine malfunction. If all above the variation is control by the manger during the dowel production then they have very less chance to be fail of their product. This process is called the statistical process control, if system is in under control then in SPC chart show the how line is close to mean lines. But any of above variation affects the system and which is not control then the process is called out of control. Which show that there are some problems which may be lack of attention of operator or used by faulty equipments.Always he should be draw some SPC charts in which he can judge all kinds of variations by putting their values as we I given the example in above SPC charts. The production manger needs to use these tools and techniques in order to improve quality of dowels. The tools and techniques most commonly used in process improvement are: †¢ Problem solving methodology, such as DRIVE †¢ Process mapping †¢ Process flowcharting †¢ Force field analysis †¢ Cause & effect diagrams †¢ CEDAC †¢ Brainstorming †¢ Par eto analysis †¢ Statistical process control (SPC) †¢ Control charts †¢ Check sheets †¢ Bar charts †¢ Scatter diagrams Matrix analysis †¢ Dot plot or tally chart †¢ Histograms All above tools and technique help the manger to improve the dowels quality in process system. Below diagram 1. 5 most power full tools or techniques which enable to manger that he needs to look all of them to improve the process. Regulators Error less equipment or Machine Human Skills and experience Knowledge Output Controls Input Process Of dowel Physical Site Mechanical Service Product Internal Data Supplies External Raw materials Capacity Resources Standard References: http://www. businessballs. com/dtiresources/TQM_process_improvement_tools. pdf

Arts in Education

Monica Williams July 31, 2011 EDU330-Cultural Diversity in the Classroom Professor Alison Walker The Importance of Arts in Education With all of the modern advancement of technology, sadly some of the components of a common school curriculum are progressively becoming extinct. Just think back, not to long ago, the library was a place where children could explore new adventures from a simple book. Students were also able to express themselves through the weekly classes in music and art. Funding has become a real concern with the slow decrease in the American economy. Now funding for the art education program is becoming a victim to this decline. Since there has been a lack of arts in the school system, it has in turn affected the need to incorporate diversified education model to teach in a multicultural society. This essay will explain the need to incorporate the arts back into education to enhance the knowledge of living in a multicultural society. There are so many things that children can learn through cultural enrichment. Activities through language, music, art, and dance can enhance a child’s exposure to different ethnicities other than their own. Since the establishment of No Child Left Behind, Congressional endorsements have restated the value of art and music in education as an important and vital element in quality education for all students (U. S. 2005). However, those were just mere words. Since NCLB, arts educational instructional time has decreased by 16% (Heilig, Cole, & Aguilar, 2010). Well that increase effects the lower performing schools which are usually populated with low-income students and students of color (Heilig, Cole, & Aguilar, 2010). The mere benefit of these various programs are being overlooked because the teaching of art education has also contributed to an increase of self-esteem, the acquisition of job skills, and the development of creative thinking, problem solving and communication skills (NGA, 2002). All students crave a time to be creative and express themselves. Being in a classroom that is strictly knowledge and skills based can sometimes become quite mundane and boring. When there is music or art incorporated in the curriculum, this can become a great outlet for them. In recent years there has been a huge emphasis on standardized tests. Administrators, teachers, and students are becoming pressured on making that grade. Education of the arts has proven to help reduce and manage their stress level (Creedon, 2011). There has also been cognitive research that showed when there is a well-rounded structured of music and art education program it enhances the emotional well-being of children for a readiness of learning (Creedon, 2011). Here is the problem, just recently this month, the Interior Appropriations bill wants so cut NEA, National Education of Arts, to 135 million (Advocate, 2011). The U. S. House of Appropriations Committee just approved to cut 20 million earlier this month (Advocate, 2011). Where does this leave the students of America? It seems that no one is thinking about their education and fundamental it is to have the arts involved in the curriculum. In the state of Texas, there will only be a budget of 3. 7 million dollars for the next two years for the arts, which ultimately gives a fifty percent reduction in grants and thirty percent reduction in staff (TCA, 2011). This reduction of funding affects everyone. Teachers will be loosing their jobs and more importantly the students are not receiving a well-rounded education. In order to not let this problem occur any further, as American citizens, it is imperative that letters are written to the congressman, senators, and governors. They are the only one that could change things with the state funding. Sticking together as a community can bring it to their attention that arts in education does matter. The days of protesting is not ancient, it can still make an impact on things. The goal is to inform Congress that there should be at least a funding level of 53 million for the Arts in Education program within the U. S. Department of Education (Advocate, 2011). Those wonderful programs are able to help teachers, all students, and the community with art collaboration in education. Another solution is for the local districts to write grants to keep the arts in their school. The Bill Graham Foundation is a well-known foundation that provides grants for the areas of music in the arts of education (Arts, 2011). This grant can give $4000 for any program promoting arts in education. This may not seem like a lot, but just think, that is only one out of a thousands programs out there that will provide funding for education of the arts. Grants like these can also give students the opportunity to explore multicultural educational field trips that were not available before. Several studies have proven that art education is a vital component to have a well-rounded student. Writing grants, letters, and even protesting can all help ensure that the arts will increase in the schools instead of decrease. The students should learn about other cultures and one of the best ways is through the arts. So let’s keep the art teachers, the music teachers, and the librarians, they are important too for our students too! Resources Advocate for the Arts (2011). Retrieved July 30, 2011 from http://www. artsusa. org/get_involved/advocate. asp (ARTS) Bill Graham Foundation. (2010). Children & Youth Funding Report, 13. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Creedon, D. W. (2011). Fight the Stress of Urban Education with the ARTS. Phi Delta Kappan, 92(6), 34-36. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Heilig, J. , Cole, H. , & Aguilar, A. (2010). From Dewey to No Child Left behind: The Evolution and Devolution of Public Arts Education. Arts Education Policy Review, 111(4), 136-145. doi:10. 1080/10632913. 2010. 490776 National Governors Association Center for Best Practices (NGA). (2002) â€Å"The Impact of Arts Education on Workforce Preparation† Economic and Technology Policy Studies Issue Brief. Washington D. C. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices, May 1, 2002. Texas Commission for the Arts (TCA). (2011) Retrieved July 29, 2011 from http://www. arts. state. tx. us/index. php? option=com_content&view=article&id=235&Itemid=55 U. S. Congress Passes Resolution Supporting Music Education. (2005). American Music Teacher, 54(6), 10. Retrieved from EBSCOhost

By any other name

The title of Santha Rama Rau’s short story â€Å"By Any Other Name† refers to the character of Santha, who is a five and half year old Indian girl, which experiences discrimination for the first time while attending an Anglo-Indian school during the time period in which the British ruled India. Her mother had always home-schooled both her and her sister, Premila. When her mother gets ill, because her father is an officer of the civil service, they can attend this Anglo-Indian school for free.Her mother never wanted to send them to a British school and this is shown when she says â€Å"you can bury a dog’s tail for seven years, but it still comes out curly, you can a take a Britisher away from his home for a lifetime, and he still remains insular. † She is expressing you can try to change someone’s cultural background, but it won’t happen. She was also saying that the British wanted their own customs and were unable to accept or appreciate Ind ian customs.On Premila and Santha’s first day at the new school, they were told by headmistress their names were too hard for her to pronounce. She gives them the new names of Pamela and Cynthia. Her sister is silent and does not respond to this event, yet Santha says in a tiny voice she accepts the new name probably because she is scared to disagree. Santha believes when she is Cynthia, she does not have care about the day to day activities at school or her actions. The title â€Å"By Any Other Name† refers to Cynthia having to looseher identity and her cultural qualities to be at this school. This is supported by the event from the first day in class when she is asked what her name is and she replies â€Å"she does not know†. Even though she is very young, she knows her and the other Indian children must sit in the back of the class, because they are different then the British children. Cynthia tries to make friends with some of the dozen other Indian children at school. One of the four Indian children in the back of her class is the girl with braids.She notices immediately that even though the girl has the Indian jewelry, she wears a cotton dress like the other British to fit in. Also, when Cynthia goes to lunch she finds her sister and they eat traditional food from their lunchbox. Her sister Pamela notices that everyone else eats sandwiches like the British children. When they return home after their first day, Pamela requests they bring sandwiches. Pamela seems to be more at ease in trying to fit in at the school by changing their ways and their names to what is acceptable by the British school.Cynthia is definitely the character for which the title â€Å"By Any Other Name† is explaining. Cynthia is having a hard time dealing with the fact she is forced to go by another name. She must develop an alter ego to deal with this daily experience. She is also very aware of all the prejudices, which she is experiencing by observing ch ildren changing the way that they dress and where they have to sit in class. Also all Indian children have taken British names. She also notices you cannot become friends with the British children.That is simply out of the question. On the first day she has to take a test, Pamela completely changes her attitude from trying to fit in. She asks why the Indian children’s desks must be separated, but the British children do not have to be kept apart. She is told that â€Å"Indians cheat†. She immediately tells her sister grab your pencils and lets go. They struggle through a long walk and heat to return home. Santha is so relieved to be home with her mother and her maid. She is so happy to leave the persona of Cynthia behind and become Santha again.

Dettol Soap

Dettol Soap Introduction Dettol Antiseptic Liquid Disinfectant is the name of commercial liquid and solid antiseptic products belonging to a household product line manufactured by Reckitt Benckiser. The traditional liquid product is a light yellow colour, but becomes milky white when diluted in water. This diluted mixture can be used to clean cuts etc. The active ingredient which defines its unique antiseptic property is an aromatic chemical compound known as chloroxylenol (C8H9ClO). This makes up 4. % of Dettol's total mixture,[1] with the rest composed of pine oil, isopropanol, castor oil soap, caramel, and water. Because several of the ingredients are insoluble in water, Dettol produces a white emulsion of oil droplets when diluted during use. Diluted Dettol can also be used to treat acne[2] in small quantities, but it must not come into contact with eyes, mouth, or nasal passage[citation needed]. Its topical application is a remedy for boils (skin abscess). [citation needed] Like other household cleaners, Dettol is poisonous and should not be ingested.In an extreme case, a forty-two-year-old British man died from Dettol overexposure in May 2007. [3] The company ran a controversial advertising campaign where it claimed that your toilet seat was cleaner than kitchen work surfaces. It was forced to withdraw the campaign. In Australia, the use of Dettol in a spray bottle is used to combat Cane Toads, as spraying the disinfectant kills the toads quickly. Dettol has been a highly reputable producer of hygiene products in the UK for numerous years. They are a company that takes great pride in the accomplishments and achievements that they have made.With numerous products working for both them and the customers that use them they have made great strides in keeping hygiene in the home and office around the country. Dettol handwash is a very common product that can be found filling many of the soap dispensers in restaurants, schools and even hospitals in this country . The Dettol antiseptic liquid can also be found in many of these areas. Both work well in keeping the harmful bacteria that infects people at bay, and thus reduces the amount of germs that are spread to others.People that access these products should be sure to follow the directions on how to use them properly if they are to get the full benefits of these products. If this is done then you can rest easy knowing that the harmful germs and bacteria are being cleansed from the areas that had come into contact with. STRATEGIES AND OBJECTIVES Reckitt Benckiser's objective is to generate above industry average profitable growth by: †¢ Focusing on building the power brands in high growth categories †¢ Geographic expansion of the portfolio †¢ Continuous innovation Higher investment in brand building †¢ Margin expansion and cash conversion to fund reinvestment in core brands and to grow returns to shareholders. †¢ Selective add-on acquisitions DETTOL PRODUCTS Dettol soaps Dettol liquid Dettol hand wash Dettol Prickly powder Dettol multi purpose cleaner Which includes dishwasher, floor mopping liquid, washroom cleaner, kitchen cleaner I have chosen Dettol Soap MARKETING STRATEGY SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS Soap is a major consumer item and there is a huge demand and potential in this market particularly the anti – bacterial segment.The anti bacterial market segment has grown year on year by more than 7 % percent due to increased consumer awareness and education on the benefits of anti-bacterial soaps. As a result, the pie is growing bigger every year. Some uncontrollable situational factors that are faced by the Reckitt Benckiser Pakistan and Dettol soap are as follows, †¢Demand: Although the demand for Reckitt Benckiser products is very high but when we talk about the demand of the Dettol soap the demand is growing in the antibacterial category.The market share of Dettolsoap is more than 10 % in Pakistan out of the Rs 11 billion soap mark et. †¢Competition: There was no direct competitor of Dettol soap at the time of launching but today; two brands are directly competing Dettol. Safeguard (P & G) and lifebuoy (Unilever) are direct competitors †¢Legal/political: these are the uncertainties that are extremely variable in the political conditions of Pakistan. Constant political instability does affect the company in terms of building new relations with new governments all the time. Social and Cultural factors: the company has to be very careful in the implementation of its promotional campaigns, since the social cultural environment of Pakistan is very conservative and any suggestive advertisements usually face a lot of negative reactions on the part of the consumer. †¢Other factors: like the government regulations and technological advancements have had no significant effect on the product and the company. MARKETING ANALYSISIn the mind of the consumer, anti-bacterial soap should have the following: A pro duct whose core function is to clean skin, making it softer and smoother, while leaving a feeling of freshness behind. Good perfume and foam combine to deliver this freshness experience. The key functional benefit is that it removes dirt, oiliness and other impurities from skin. Germs are not top-of-mind for the average consumer, but are a function of Dirt and disease. Research led us to know that consumers are largely unaware of the diverse nature of ‘jaraseem’.They just know that Germs (jaraseem) are the bad guys. They don’t know that there are different types of germs. Different antibacterial competitors are trying to own a higher ground by building on already present germ-kill equity. Like Dettol has given it’s slogan of â€Å"Dettol protects against a wide range of unseen germs, including bacteria and viruses† While safeguard is focusing on ‘Din Raat Lagataar Tahaffuz’ which is more powerful in the mind of the consumer. Lifebuoy is following the â€Å"germ buster’s† strategy. TARGET MARKETThe target market for Dettol soap is all households (primarily mothers) who can afford buying soap and who want to fulfill an everyday need (primarily bathing) that provides them and their family with a 100% anti-bacterial solution – complete protection from all germs/ bacteria and cleanliness from dirt / grime. MARKET DEMOGRAPHICS (GEOGRAPHIC, DEMOGRAPHICS, BEHAVIORAL FACTORS) The target markets analysis of Dettol soap is:- Geographic location Include almost all Urban; suburban; small town; and some rural areas of Pakistan Demographics Gender Male; female mainly mothersAge 18years to 45 years Socioeconomic status Mainly targeting middle class and upper middle class in urban and sub-urban areas – primarily cities and surrounding areas. Rural market penetration is limited and is primarily driven through indirect channels (e. g. Wholesale) Psychographics Young housewives and mothers who care about t he health and well being of their family. MARKET NEEDS (QUALITY CRAFTSMANSHIP, INNOVATIVE DESIGNS, CUSTOMER SERVICE) RB is conscious of the changing consumer needs and trends and is constantly conducting market research to assess opportunities and threats.Quality of the product is the number 1 priority as well as research on new variants. The next planned variant is Dettol Herbal soap. In addition, a new customer hotline has also been added to get instant feedback on product use, problems and activities. MARKET TRENDS The soap market has been most affected by the recent sky rocketing price of palm oil which is the primary ingredient of soap noodles. This has caused the average price of soap noodles to increase by 20% – 25 % forcing producers (also RB) to increase prices of their soap products by almost as much so as not to put excessive pressure on their margins.This will undoubtedly result in decrease in soap sales volumes (higher prices means less consumer off take) as well as disruption in the market due to several quoted prices of the same product available resulting in dissonance in the wholesale and retail markets as well as confusion in consumer buying decisions at the point of sale. MARKET GROWTH The overall soap market is growing by 10 % while the antibacterial segment is growing by 7%. Hence, there is a lot of potential in the market for growth and additional brand penetration and brand building.SWOT ANALYSIS THE STRENGTHS †¢ The brand’s Germ-kill heritage (brown liquid) is seen as strong and adds on trustworthiness (RTB) †¢ Excellent for treating skin irritations, cuts/bruises and seasonal applications †¢ Brand comes from a reputable (old) company †¢ Loyal following of ‘Original’ THE WEAKNESSES ?Not perceived as an ‘everyday soap’ due to: ?Smell – strongly associated with hospitals ?Is harsh on skin – makes skin dry ?Does not make satisfying lather ?Shape not user-friendly ?No awareness of variants No perceived as a dynamic, innovative and contemporary brand ? Low Top-of-Mind recall: Communication not engaging THE OPPORTUNITY ?Leverage the powerful brand equity associated with the Dettol Brand to make Dettol Soap an everyday use proposition. ? THE THREATS Other main players in the antibacterial soap category (Safeguard and Lifebuoy) have positioned their brands for everyday use against bacteria – Dettol soap positioning lacks that desired everyday benefit and experience! COMPETITION ANALYSISHere is a brief description about the antiseptic soap producing companies Dettol soap is a brand of Reckitt Benckiser Pak Ltd and it has been operating in Pakistan since 1999 after taking over from Reckitt & Colman. Market share of Dettol soap in the soap market is around 10% at the end of December 2007. The Dettol soap users have the perception that it is effective in germ kill with the medicinal smell of Dettolliquid which is used for Bruises & Cuts, Insect b ites, washing of clothes, Mopping of floors, Shaving, Bathing and Cleansing of skin and used mostly during summers.Its functional core need is incidental antibacterial. Safeguard ® is the No. 1 antibacterial soap worldwide; it is the only bar soap registered with the FDA. Safeguard is designed to provide excellent germ protection for the whole family. Safeguard, launched in 1995 by Procter & Gamble has set new standards for defining â€Å"health & hygiene† in Pakistan. It is an anti-bacterialsoap that provides germ protection for twice as long as ordinary soaps making it the doctors' number 1 recommended choice throughout the world.The market share of safeguard is the biggest in antiseptic soapcategory with 22 % share. Safeguard users have the perception that it is providing them with Continuous Germ Protection, Gentle on skin, Smells Good, has a easy to grasp shape and the functional needs portrayed is of an everyday soap with germ protection. Lifebuoy is one of Unilever's oldest brands. Lifebuoy Royal Disinfectant Soap was launched in 1894 as an affordable new product in the UK, to support people in their mission for better personal hygiene.Lifebuoysoap aims to provide affordable and accessible hygiene solutions that enable people to lead a life free from hygiene related worries, everywhere, regardless of the boundaries of nationality, religion and socio-economic status. Lifebuoy has a market share of 16 %. Lifebuoy users see the soap as a decent quality, affordable germ protection agent containing carbolic acid as its germ protection agent and its functional need portrays that it is an everyday soap with germ protection for the middle and lower middle class. OPPORTUNITY ANALYSISBased on the competitive analysis, Reckitt Benckiser found out that there are a lot of opportunities which will help the New Dettol soap capitalize a greater market share. New Dettol Soap’s ability to gain real consumer insights, to launch products and variants that c onsumers actually want, supported by insightful advertising that talks to consumers in their own language, are all vital elements, which will lead to success of Dettol and the New Dettol soap as a brand. †¢ Extensive Market Growth †¢ Market Penetration and Market Expansion. Achieving High Gross Margins †¢ High Customer Services and Satisfaction †¢ New Product Development and Entrepreneurship. PRODUCT OFFERING The product is offered in 5 variants (2 skus – 115 Gms and 70 Gms): †¢ Original: Contains essence of the Dettol antiseptic solution †¢ Skincare: Contains moisturizer for Skin care. †¢ Active: Contains Active cleaning agent for Active cleaning. †¢ Fresh: Contains Fresh scent for a Fresh feeling. †¢ Sensitive: Contains Skin-friendly ingredients for Sensitive skin. POSITIONING STRATEGY Positioning Against CompetitorDettol is positioned as a premium brand which the mother chooses for 100% protection against all germs and bacteria for her family. The mother of the family is the focal point for Dettol Soap positioning compared to Safeguard and Lifebuoy which focuses on children. Positioning In Relation To Product Attribute: The primary positioning vis a vis product attribute is that Dettol Soap has the essence of Dettol Solution, the no. 1 antiseptic brand in the world trusted by families everywhere for over a century – which its competitors do not posses. Hence, it is considered a premium brand in the anti-bacterial segment.Positioning by price and quality As Dettol is a premium brand, it is priced at a premium to its competitors (Safeguard and Lifebuoy). Being premium means there will be no compromise in quality as the link between price and quality exists and customer is always willing to pay more for perceived quality which in the case of Dettol soap, he/she does! MARKETING MIX STRATEGY PRICING STRATEGY Price v/s non price competition Dettol soap is priced at retail price of Rs. 38. 00 (115 gms) and Rs. 26. 00 (70 gms) which is at a premium of Rs 3 and Rs. 2 to its competition (Safeguard and Lifebuoy).Discounts and allowances RB give a special trade offer on Dettol Soap of 2% during the summer season so as to push to product into retail and an additional discount of 4 % to wholesalers to maximize loading in the channel and improved distribution when demand (consumer pull) is maximum. In addition, for the months of June to August – RB runs a special consumer promotion pack of three DettolSoaps (in one package) with a Rs. 19 price off on a purchase of three soap bars. Geographic pricing strategy In pricing the seller must consider the cost of shipping.There are different geographic strategies. But RB utilizes the uniform delivering pricing (the same delivering price quoted to all buyers regardless of their location) for Dettol Soap. DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION FOR CONSUMER PRODUCT There are 2 primary channels of distribution for Dettol soap: Distributors and sub distributors: The company sells the products to its appointed distributors and sub distributors (+300 all over Pakistan) that are responsible for the distribution of pre-defined geographical areas who distribute it further to wholesalers and/or retailers.The retail distribution is further classified into TOP STORES (TSP’s) which include all the high profile outlets like al-fatah, HKB, Akbari stores etc and whole sale comprises of categories of diamond, gold and silver divided on the based on their average purchase per month and from here the product reaches the point of sale for the customer. Direct Delivery (Key Accounts) The company provides direct delivery to select large customers like institutional buyers of key accounts which sell directly to the consumer (in case of USC and CSD) or to small retailers / end-consumer (in case of MAKRO / METRO).INTENSITY OF DISTRIBUTION RB has an intensive distribution strategy of the product through its distributors that cover e very geographical area and who resell onwards to wholesalers and retailers. There is also direct delivery service to key accounts (USC, CSD, MAKRO &METRO). Every available channel is utilized for maximum distribution and coverage to all the hypermarkets, supermarkets, general stores, kiryana stores and medical stores. The company also has in place a RDF (rural development force) which is covering the rural areas and exploring new markets for potential market penetration.PRODUCT STRATEGY Consumer and biz product Dettol soap is a fast moving consumer product. Convenience good It is an essential good vis-a-vis it’s target market, which is all households (primarily mothers) who can afford buying soap and who want to fulfill an everyday need (primarily bathing) that provides them and their family with a 100% anti-bacterial solution – complete protection from all germs/ bacteria and cleanliness from dirt / grime. Product mix The five variants provide an ideal product mix in terms of consumer needs i. e.Original with Dettol Solution, Skincare with moisturizer, Active with active cleaning agent, fresh with fresh scent and Sensitive for sensitive skin. A new launch of Dettol Herbal Soap, which takes the tally of soaps to six variants. Unique Proposition that Dettol Herbal Soap has to offer is: â€Å"The fundamental idea is that ordinary beauty soaps only offer aspects of beauty but what healthy skin requires is both freedom from germs and the use of natural extracts; something only offered by Dettol Herbal Soapwhich provides not only Maximum Protection from germs but also contains Aloe Vera, Avocado oil and botanical extracts. Product line extension and uses The product is used primarily for showering / bathing but is also used for hand washing. A product line extension is Dettol Hand wash which is also available under the Dettol Brand. Product Life Cycle Since this is a Fast Moving Consumer Product, the average product life cycle of this product (if use d every day) is 30 days and 2 years if not in use (if stored in a cool and dry location). The brand is entering from growth to maturity. ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION STRATEGY COMMUNICATION STRATEGY OF DETTOL SOAP Reposition Dettol soaps range as a preferred everyday use solution for the whole family† COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES †¢ Announce new & improved Dettol soap. †¢ Protection against a wide range of unseen germs (including bacteria & viruses). †¢ Better experience (lather / perfume / feel-on-skin). †¢ Show all 5 variants of new Dettol soap. AGENCY SELECTION Almost 135 Advertising agencies exist in market but Reckitt Benckiser has selected Manhattan International Limited (MIL) Advertising Company because of their outstanding work in Pakistani market.BUDGET Dettol soap is a Rs 1 billion brand annually and so the marketing budget allocated to it approx 20 % of total Net revenue, not much resources have been allocated to Dettol soap marketing efforts due to its squeezed margins and close competition with other antibacterial soaps, it mainly derives its sales from the brand equity of Dettol liquid. MARKETING COMMUNICATION METHODOLOGIES This is a summary section. Give a brief overview of your advertising, consumer promotions, personal selling, sponsorship programs and database programs.Discuss the relative mix of each of these components and how you will integrate them together into seamless plan. This discussion should relate back to your Marketing Communication Objective and how these methodologies will help in accomplishing the objective. Different advertising rates of various media vehicles have been given in the appendix 1, 2, 3 and 4. ADVERTISING (TVC) Television is still the primary medium for advertising for Dettol soap, and print also forms a crucial part of the communications strategy. But increasingly campaigns are integrated across all these communication channels.All advertisements of Dettol soap are a blend of hard sell and sof t sell advertising, as all the Dettol soapadvertisements first show the ingredient it contains (Dettol Antiseptic solution) and then portray the emotional benefit for the user which revolves around the theme of a mother and children in which the mother is the one who makes her family use Dettol soap as she is one who decides what is best for her family in personal health, indicating that the target market of Dettol soap are the health conscious mother’s of young children. The main model used in almost all of the Dettol ad campaign is mahnoor baloch.When it comes to advertising, DETTOL prefers TV because of their philosophy that; â€Å"HEALTH AND HYGIENE ALWAYS COMES FIRST. † Thus TV is the best media, as you can show how Dettol soapkeeps you hygienically clean and protected and gives you daylong protection from body odour. Apart from this, in Pakistan, TV is a strong medium, it has highest reach. Thus a large part of advertising budget is focused on TV. Dettol soap spe nds around 60 % of the TV advertising budget on all channels with high rating points like PTV, PTV WORLD, GEO, ARY, INDUS VISION etc. Dettol soap advertises highly in summer season i. . mid of the year, as people prefer frequent washes in such seasons to keep hygienically clean and long lasting protection against body odour. MEDIA PLAN-TV Dettol has devised a well approached media plan which covers almost all of the major channels which are covered through high frequency spots on all (over 12 minutes per channel per day! ), with the Dettol soap ad showing in the headline news of geo and PTV. Cable branding has also been carried out two major cities, in Karachi – world call channel branding (72 spots/day) and in Lahore – cable spots (72 spots/day).CONSUMER PROMOTION Dettol soap also provides additional support by giving away various consumer promotions to provide the consumer with the extra value benefit. The consumer promotion introduced by Dettol soap was that on a pu rchase of three soaps the consumer will get a saving of Rs 19. The consumer promotion is as under. Another consumer promotion opportunity as a part of new product promotion and sampling effort has been carried out at METRO stores in Lahore and Islamabad where a free soap bar is being offered on a single purchase of the new product, Dettol MPC.INSTORE PLACEMENT STRATEGY Dettol soap has also planned an in-store placement strategy to promote and market their product so to have maximum visibility to the consumer; they have assigned dedicated shelves to the product and are also promoting their product in metro and makro aswell. Their placement strategy is mainly focused on O Place Dettol Soap next to Safeguard O Equal or more facing than Safeguard. O Place between Lux & Safeguard where Possible. O Build brand block wherever possible.